Sunday, January 20, 2008

ابراهیم گلستان

Ebrahim Golestan

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Ebrahim Golestan
Ebrahim Golestan

Ebrahim Golestan (also spelt Ibrahim Golestan, Persian: ابراهیم گلستان , born 1922 in Shiraz, Iran) is an Iranian filmmaker and literary figure with a career spanning half a century. He has been living in Sussex, United Kingdom, since the 1975.

He is the father of Iranian photojournalist Kaveh Golestan, and Lili Golestan,[1] translator and owner and artistic director of the Golestan Gallery in Tehran, Iran. His grandson, Mani Haghighi, is also a film director.

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[edit] Filmography

  • Yek atash (1961)
  • Moj, marjan, khara (1962)
  • Khesht va Ayeneh (1965, aka Brick and Mirror)
  • Asrar ganj dareheye jenni (1974, aka The Ghost Valley's Treasure Mysteries)

[edit] Note

  1. ^ Masoud Soheili, Photographer, Portrait & People: Lili Golestan. [1]

[edit] See also

[edit] External links


This biographical article related to film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebrahim_Golestan"
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اکبر گنجی

Akbar Ganji

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Akbar Ganji (Persian: اکبر گنجی , born 31 January 1960 in Qazvin) is an Iranian journalist and writer. He was arrested on April 22, 2000 after he took part in a conference held in Berlin on April 7 and 8, 2000. He was imprisoned in Evin Prison in Tehran until his release on March 18, 2006. [1] He holds a Masters degree in Communications.

Ganji has won several international awards for his work, including the World Association of Newspapers' Golden Pen of Freedom Award [2], Canadian Journalists for Free Expression's International Press Freedom Award, the Martin Ennals Award for Human Rights Defenders, [3] and the John Humphrey Freedom Award.

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[edit] Early life

Ganji grew up in a devout and impoverished family in south Tehran. Active in the Islamist anti-Shah forces at a "relatively early age" he served in the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps during the Iran Iraq War and joined the Ministry of Intelligence of the Islamic Republic. By the mid-1990s he had begun to become disenchanted with the regime and quit the guard to become an investigative journalist. Shortly thereafter he gained fame and ran afoul of Islamic authorities by "exposing the role of high officials in sanctioning the murder of liberal dissidents." [1]

[edit] Imprisonment

Ganji took part in a conference in Berlin held by Heinrich Boell Foundation under the title "Iran after the elections" held in the wake of the Majlis elections of February 2000 which resulted in a huge victory by reformist candidates. The gathering was termed "anti-Islamic" and "anti-revolutionary" by Iranian state TV, IRIB, which broadcast part of the conference on April 18, 2000. He was accused of having "damaged national security" and initially sentenced to ten years followed by five years internal exile, which meant he would be kept in a specific city other than Tehran and could not leave the country. On May 15, 2001 an appeal court reduced his 10-year sentence to six months and overturned his additional sentence of five years' internal exile. However, the Tehran prosecutor, challenged the appeal court decision and brought new charges against him in connection with newspaper articles he had written prior to April 2000, and his possession of photocopies of foreign newspapers. On July 16, 2001 he was sentenced to six years imprisonment on charges of "collecting confidential information harmful to national security and spreading propaganda against the Islamic system".

Ganji was on a hunger strike for more than 80 days from May 19, 2005 until early August, 2005 [4] except for a 12-day period of leave he was granted on May 30, 2005 ahead of the ninth presidential elections on June 17, 2005. His hunger strike was ended under unknown conditions and heavy security and information quarantine in Milad hospital in Tehran while many feared his death. He is represented by a group of lawyers, including Dr. Yousef Molaei, Abdolfattah Soltani (who was arrested and put in solitary confinement in 2005 on unknown charges), and the 2003 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate, Shirin Ebadi. While on hunger strike Ganji wrote two letters to the free people of the world: 1 2.

On July 12, 2005 the White House press secretary Scott McClellan said in a statement that President George W. Bush called on Iran to release Ganji "immediately and unconditionally… Mr. Ganji is sadly only one victim of a wave of repression and human rights violations engaged in by the Iranian regime… His calls for freedom deserve to be heard. His valiant efforts should not go in vain. The president calls on all supporters of human rights and freedom, and the United Nations, to take up Ganji's case and the overall human rights situation in Iran… Mr. Ganji, please know that as you stand for your own liberty, America stands with you," the statement went on.

In his recent leave in June 2005 Ganji participated in interviews with several news agencies, criticizing Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of Iran, and asking for his office to be put to public vote [5]. This led to a ruling by Saeed Mortazavi, the general prosecutor of Tehran, to arrest him again because of "illegal interviews". He returned to prison voluntarily on June 11, 2005 and started this latest hunger strike.

Ganji was released from prison in poor health on March 18, 2006, after serving the full term of his six-year sentence, according to his family and various count-downs set up on many Iranian weblogs. At the same time, the deputy prosecutor of Tehran, Mahmoud Salarkia, claimed that 10 days remained from his sentence due to unaccounted days of absence, and that he had been granted a leave for the (Persian) new year. The claim has apparently been dropped since.

[edit] Writings

Akbar Ganji and Richard Rorty
Akbar Ganji and Richard Rorty

He has written extensively as a journalist in a series of reformist newspapers, many of which were shut down by the Judiciary of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Collections of his articles appeared in books, notably, "The Dungeon of Ghosts" and "The Red Eminence, The Grey Eminences" focusing on the involvement of the former President of Iran, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, and his Ministry of Intelligence, Ali Fallahian, in a series of killings of writers and dissidents. He has continued to write in prison. His writings in prison are smuggled out and widely distributed, especially on the web. Most notably he wrote a Republican Manifesto in six chapters in March 2002 laying out the basis of his proposal for a fully-fledged democratic republic for Iran. In particular he argued that all elections in the Islamic Republic of Iran must be boycotted. He later wrote a second book [6] of his Republican Manifesto in May 2005, ahead of the ninth Presidential elections in Iran, specifically arguing for a complete boycott of the presidential elections.

[edit] Iran's "democratic" voice

In 2006, Akbar Ganji started a tour to visit world leading philosophers, theorists, human right activists. His goal has been said to be introducing Iranian intellectual movements and democratic circles to world leading thinkers. He met many famous figures as Richard Rorty (American philosopher), Noam Chomsky, Anthony Giddens, David Hild and Shmuel Noah Eisenstadt, world-famous sociologist and theorist of civilizations.

While in the United States in July 2006, Ganji declined an invitation to meet with White House officials, citing his belief that current US policies were not helping promote democracy in Iran. He was quoted as saying, "You cannot bring democracy to a country by attacking it". He also added that the war in Iraq was promoting Islamic fundamentalism and hurting movements towards democracy in the region.

Ganji declared that his role was as a dissident and journalist, rather than the official voice for a specific opposition party or faction within Iran, which he explained was one reason for his refusal to meet with American political leaders and officeholders.

During his visit he criticized the Iraq war, asserting that rather than undermining the current Iranian regime it had instead bolstered its capacity to repress and terrorize its population. We do not want the regime of the Islamic Republic of Iran. However, this is our problem. Any intervention by any foreign power would bring charges of conspiracy against us... What has happened in Iraq did not support our movement in any significant way.[7]

He also staged a hunger strike outside of United Nations headquarters in order to highlight the plight of Iranian political prisoners, and to bring international attention to the oppressive conditions felt within Iran.

[edit] Awards and honors

Dissident Iranian university professor Hashem Aghajari(L) shaking hand with Akbar Ganji(R) holds the award from the Association of Iranian Journalists which he accepted on behalf of journalist Massoud Behnoud for his activities in support of freedom of the press in Tehran, Iran May 3, 2006. Aghajari, whose death sentence for apostasy sparked riots in Iran, accepted the prize for Behnoud who has left Iran since his release from prison.
Dissident Iranian university professor Hashem Aghajari(L) shaking hand with Akbar Ganji(R) holds the award from the Association of Iranian Journalists which he accepted on behalf of journalist Massoud Behnoud for his activities in support of freedom of the press in Tehran, Iran May 3, 2006. Aghajari, whose death sentence for apostasy sparked riots in Iran, accepted the prize for Behnoud who has left Iran since his release from prison.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Akbar Ganji visits Berkeley

[edit] External links

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar_Ganji"
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فروغ فرخزاد

Forough Farrokhzad

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Forough Farrokhzad
Forough Farrokhzad

Forough Farrokhzad (Persian: فروغ فرخزاد) (January 5, 1935 — February 13, 1967) was an Iranian poetess and film director. Forough Farrokhzad, Parvin E'tesami and Simin Behbahani are usually considered the most famous modern female poets of Iran. Forough Farrokhzad was mainly under the influence of Ebrahim Golestan, a notable Iranian scholar.[1]

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[edit] Biography

Forough was born in Tehran to career military officer Colonel Mohammad Bagher Farrokhzad and his wife Touran Vaziri-Tabar in 1935. She was the third of seven children and attended school until the ninth grade, then learning painting and sewing at a girl's school for the manual arts. At age sixteen or seventeen she was married to Parviz Shapour, an acclaimed satirist. Forough continued her education with classes in painting and sewing and moved with her husband to Ahvaz. A year later, she had her only child, a son named Kāmyār (subject of A Poem for You).

Within two years, in 1954, Forough and her husband divorced. Parviz won custody of the child. She moved back to Tehran to write poetry and published her first volume, entitled The Captive, in 1955.

Forough, as a female divorcée writing controversial poetry with a strong feminine voice, became the focus of much negative attention and open disapproval. In 1958 she spent nine months in Europe and met film-maker/writer Ebrahim Golestan, who inspired her to express herself and live independently. She published two more volumes, The Wall and The Rebellion before going to Tabriz to make a film about Iranians affected by leprosy. This 1962 film was called The House is Black and won awards world-wide. During 12 days of shooting, she became attached to Hossein Mansouri, the child of two lepers, whom she adopted and had live in her mother's house.

In 1963 she published the volume Another Birth and by now her poetry was mature and sophisticated, also being a profound change from previous modern Iranian poetic conventions.

On February 13, 1967, at 4:30 pm, Forough died in a car accident at age thirty-two. In order to avoid hitting a school bus, she swerved her Jeep, which hit a stone wall; she died before reaching the hospital. Her poem Let us believe in the beginning of the cold season was published posthumously and is considered the best-structured modern poem in Persian.

A brief literary biography of Forough, Michael Hillmann's A lonely woman: Forough Farrokhzad and her poetry, was published in 1987. Also about her is a chapter in Farzaneh Milani's work Veils and words: the emerging voices of Iranian women writers (1992).

She is the sister of the singer, poet and political activist Fereydoon Farrokhzad (1936 — 1992; assassinated in Bonn, Germany). A new English translation of a selection of her poems by Maryam Dilmaghani is published on-line by the name of Forough Farrokhzad: The Sad Little Fairy to commemorate the 40th anniversary of her death. Nasser Saffarian has directed three documentaries on her; The Mirror of the Soul (2000), The Green Cold (2003), and Summit of the Wave (2004). [See discussion.]

Foroogh's tomb is located in Zahir o-dowleh cemetery, Darband, Shemiran, Tehran.
Foroogh's tomb is located in Zahir o-dowleh cemetery, Darband, Shemiran, Tehran.

[edit] Two poems by Forough

The Gift
I speak of the end of night
I speak
of the end of darkness
And of the end of night.
O kind one,
If you come to my home,
Bring me a light
And a nook
From which I may watch the crowding of the glad lane.
Translator of the above poem is unknown.
Frontier Walls
Return with me to that star,
Return with me
To that star far away
from the frozen seasons of the earth and its
ways to measure and understand
Where no one fears light.
Return with me
To the start of creation
To the fragrant core of a fertilized egg
To the moment I was born from you
Return with me, you have left me incomplete.
Translated by Fatemeh Keshavarz [2]

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Interview with Simin Behbahani on the occasion of the fortieth anniversary of Forough Farrokhzad's death on Thursday 13 February 2007 (BBC Persian).
  2. ^ Fatemeh Keshavarz, Banishing the Ghosts of Iran, The Chronicle Review of Higher Education, Vol. 53, No. 45, p. B6 (13 July 2007). [1]

[edit] Translations of Forough's works

[edit] Bibliography

[edit] References

[edit] Further reading

  • Manijeh Mannani, The Reader's Experience and Forough Farrokhzad's Poetry, Crossing Boundaries - an interdiciplinary journal, Vol. 1, pp. 49-65 (2001). PDF
  • Michael Craig Hillmann, An Autobiographical Voice: Forough Farrokhzad, in Women's Autobiographies in Contemporary Iran, edited by Afsaneh Najmabadi (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1990). ISBN 0932885055. This essay can be read here: [2].

[edit] Movies

[edit] External links

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[edit] See also

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forough_Farrokhzad"
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