Thursday, January 24, 2008

List of "Zamini "People Who Have Tamed Me So Far.....

  1. Khanoome Madani
  2. Khanoome Panahi
  3. Khale Mojgan
  4. Becky Carmody
  5. Ms. Freeman
  6. Mohammad Hosseine Latifi (saheb delan)
  7. Majid Majidi( bachehaye aseman, Baran)
  8. Khanoome Mahinpour
  9. T. F.
  10. Dr. Rex Painter
  11. The little Prince
  12. Sohrab Sepehri
  13. Forough Farrokhzad
  14. Bahram Bahramian( Sa'ate Sheni)
  15. Dr. Johnson( Oral and maxillofacial Surgeon)
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Monday, January 21, 2008

محمد مصدق

Mohammed Mosaddeq

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Dr. Mohammad Mossadeq
Dr. Mohammad Mossadeq

Mohammad Mosaddeq (Mossadeq (help·info)) (Persian: محمد مصدق‎ Moḥammad Moṣaddeq, also Mosaddegh or Mossadegh) (19 May 1882 – 5 March 1967) served as the Prime Minister of Iran[1][2] from 1951 to 1953. A prominent parlimentarian when Prime Minister Ali Razmara was assassinated in 1951, he was twice appointed to that office by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran, after a positive vote of inclination by the parliament.[3] Mossadegh was a nationalist and passionately opposed foreign intervention in Iran. He was also the architect of the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry, which had been under British control through the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC), today known as British Petroleum (BP).

He was eventually removed from power on August 19, 1953, by military intervention. The coup d'état was supported and funded by the British and U.S. governments and was led by General Fazlollah Zahedi [4]. The American operation to encourage it was run by CIA agent Kermit Roosevelt, Jr.,[5][6] the grandson of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, and came to be known as Operation Ajax,[5] after its CIA cryptonym, and as the "28 Mordad 1332" coup, after its date on the Iranian calendar.[7] Dr. Mosaddeq was imprisoned for three years and subsequently put under house arrest until his death. He is, in many countries, considered a symbol of anti-imperialism.[citation needed]

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[edit] Early life

Mohammad Mossadegh was born in 1882 in Tehran to an Ashtian Bakhtiari finance minister and a Qajar princess. When his father died in 1892, he was appointed the tax collector of the Khorasan province and was bestowed with the title of "Mossadegh-os-Saltaneh" by Nasser al-Din Shah.[8]

[edit] Early political career

Mossadegh started his career in Iranian politics with the Iranian Constitutional Revolution, when at the age of 24, he was elected from Isfahan to the newly inaugurated Persian Parliament, the Majlis of Iran. In 1920, after being self-exiled to Switzerland in protest of the Anglo-Persian Treaty of 1919, he was invited by the new Persian Prime Minister, Hassan Pirnia (Moshir-ed-Dowleh), to become his "Minister of Justice"; but while enroute to Tehran, he was asked by the people of Shiraz to become Governor of the "Fars" Province. He was later appointed Finance Minister, in the government of Ahmad Ghavam (Ghavam os-Saltaneh) in 1921, and then Foreign Minister, in the government of Moshir-ed-Dowleh in June 1923. He then became Governor of the "Azerbaijan" Province. Later, in 1923, he was re-elected to the Majlis and voted against the selection of the Prime Minister Reza Khan as the new Shah of Persia.

By 1944, Reza Shah Pahlavi had abdicated, and Mossadegh was once again elected to parliament. This time he took the lead of Jebhe Melli (National Front of Iran), an organization he had founded with nineteen others like Dr.Hossein Fatemi, Ahmad Zirakzadeh, Ali Shayegan and Karim Sanjabi, aiming to establish democracy and end the foreign presence in Iranian politics, especially the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company's (AIOC) operations in Iran.

After negotiations for higher oil royalties failed, on 15 March 1951, the Iranian parliament voted to nationalize Iran's oil industry and seized control of the British-owned and operated AIOC. Prime Minister General Haj-Ali Razmara, elected in June 1950, had opposed the nationalization bill on technical grounds. Razmara was assassinated on 7 March 1951, by Khalil Tahmasebi, a member of the militant fundamentalist group Fadayan-e Islam.

[edit] Prime Minister

On 28 April 1951, the Majlis named Mossadegh as new prime minister by a vote of 79-12. Aware of Mossadegh's rising popularity and political power, and with the assassination of Prime Minister Ali Razmara in March, the young Shah appointed Mossadegh to the Premiership. Shortly after coming to office, Mossadegh enforced the Oil Nationalization Act, which involved the nationalization of Iran’s oil, cancellation of the AIOC’s oil concession due to expire in 1993 and expropriation of the AIOC's assets.

Responding to the latter, the British government announced it would not allow Mossadegh's government to export any oil produced in the formerly British-controlled refineries. A de facto blockade by Great Britain, enforced by threat of legal action was established in the Persian Gulf to prevent any attempts by Iran to ship oil out of the country. Furthermore, the AIOC withdrew its British trained technicians when Mossadegh nationalized the oil industry. Thus, many of the refineries lacked properly trained technicians that were needed to continue production. An economic stalemate thus ensued, with Mossadegh's government refusing to allow any British involvement in Iran's oil industry, and Britain refusing to allow any oil to leave Iran.

Since Britain had long been Iran's primary oil-consumer and producer, the stalemate was particularly hard on Iran. While the country had once boasted over a US$100 million a year in exports to Britain, after nationalization, the same oil industry began increasing Iran's debt by nearly US$120 million a year. The Abadan Crisis quickly plunged the country into economic difficulties.

Despite the economic hardships of his policy, Mossadegh remained popular, and in 1952, was approved by parliament for a second term. Sensing the difficulties of a worsening political and economic climate, he announced that he would ask the Shah to grant him emergency powers. Thus, during the royal approval of his new cabinet, Mossadegh insisted on the constitutional prerogative of the prime minister to name a Minister of War and the Chief of Staff. The Shah refused, and Mossadegh announced his resignation.

Ahmad Qavam (also known as Ghavam os-Saltaneh) was appointed as Iran's new prime minister. On the day of his appointment, he announced his intention to resume negotiations with the British to end the oil dispute. This blatant reversal of Mossadegh's plans sparked a massive public outrage. Protesters of all stripes filled the streets, including communists and radical Muslims led by Ayatollah Kashani. Frightened by the unrest, the Shah dismissed Qavam, and re-appointed Mossadegh, granting him the full control of the military he had previously demanded.

Taking advantage of his popularity, Mossadegh convinced the parliament to grant him increased powers and appointed Ayatollah Kashani as house speaker. Kashani's Islamic scholars, as well as the Tudeh Party, proved to be two of Mossadegh's key political allies, although both relationships were often strained. The already precarious alliance between Mossadegh and Kashani was severed in January 1953, when Kashani opposed Mossadegh's demand that his increased powers be extended for a period of one year.

Mossadegh quickly implemented more sociopolitical changes. Iran's centuries-old feudal agriculture sector was abolished and replaced with a system of collective farming and government land ownership. Although Mossadegh has previously been opposed to these policies when implemented unilaterally by the Shah, he saw it as a means of checking the power of the Tudeh Party, which had been agitating for general land reform among the peasants.

[edit] Plot to depose Mossadegh

Soldiers surround the Parliament building in Tehran on 19 August 1953.
Soldiers surround the Parliament building in Tehran on 19 August 1953.

The government of the United Kindgom had grown increasingly distressed over Mossadegh's policies and were especially bitter over the loss of their control of the Iranian oil industry. Repeated attempts to reach a settlement had failed.

Unable to resolve the issue singlehandedly due to its post-World War II problems, Britain looked towards the United States to settle the issue. The United States was led to believe by the British that Mossadegh was increasingly turning towards communism and was moving Iran towards the Soviet sphere at a time of high Cold War fears.[9][10][11][12]

Acting on the opposition to Mossadegh by the British government and fears that he was, or would become, dependent on the pro-Soviet Tudeh Party at a time of expanding Soviet influence,[13] the United States and Britain began to publicly denounce Mossadegh's policies for Iran as harmful to the country.

[edit] Operation Ajax

In October 1952, Mossadegh declared that Britain was "an enemy", and cut all diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom. In November and December 1952, British intelligence officials suggested to American intelligence that the prime minister should be ousted. The new US administration under Dwight D. Eisenhower and the British government under Winston Churchill agreed to work together toward Mossadegh's removal. In March 1953, Secretary of State John Foster Dulles directed the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), which was headed by his younger brother Allen Dulles, to draft plans to overthrow Mossadegh.[14]

On April 4, 1953, CIA director Dulles approved US$1 million to be used "in any way that would bring about the fall of Mossadegh." Soon the CIA's Tehran station started to launch a propaganda campaign against Mossadegh. Finally, according to The New York Times, in early June, American and British intelligence officials met again, this time in Beirut, and put the finishing touches on the strategy. Soon afterward, according to his later published accounts, the chief of the CIA's Near East and Africa division, Kermit Roosevelt, Jr. arrived in Tehran to direct it.[citation needed]

The plot, known as Operation Ajax, centered around convincing Iran's monarch to use his constitutional authority to dismiss Mossadegh from office, as he had attempted some months earlier. But the Shah was uncooperative, and it would take much persuasion and many meetings to successfully execute the plan.

Mossadegh became aware of the plots against him and grew increasingly wary of conspirators acting within his government. Soon Pro-Mossadegh supporters, both socialists and nationalists, threatened Muslim leaders with "savage punishment if they opposed Mossadegh," with impression that Mossadegh was cracking down on dissent, and stirring anti-Mossadegh sentiments within the religious community. Mossadegh then moved to dissolve parliament, in spite of the Constitutional provision which gave the Shah sole authority to dissolve Parliament. After taking the additional step of abolishing the Constitutional guarantee of a “secret ballot”, Mossadegh’s victory in the national plebiscite was assured. The electorate was forced into a non-secret ballot and Mossadegh won 99.93% of the vote. The tactics employed by Mossadegh to remain in power were dictatorial in their result, playing into the hands of those who wished to see him removed.[citation needed] Parliament was suspended indefinitely, and Mossadegh's emergency powers were extended.

Inside Iran, Mossadegh's popularity was eroding as promised reforms failed to materialize and his crackdown engendered resentment from the people. His policy of collective farming had been a disaster, which further increased his unpopularity with the Iranian public. The Tudeh Party abandoned its alliance with Mossadegh, as did the conservative clerical factions.

[edit] Shah's exile

In August 1953, Mossadegh attempted to convince the Shah to leave the country and allow him control over the government. The Shah refused, and formally dismissed the Prime Minister. Mossadegh refused to leave, however, and when it became apparent that he was going to fight to overthrow the monarchy, the Shah, as a precautionary measure, flew to Baghdad and from there to Rome, Italy, after signing two decrees, one dismissing Mossadegh and the other nominating General Fazlollah Zahedi Prime Minister.

Once again, massive protests broke out across the nation. Anti- and pro-monarchy protestors violently clashed in the streets, leaving almost 300 dead. The pro-monarchy forces, led by retired army General and former Minister of Interior in Mossadegh's cabinet, Fazlollah Zahedi, gained the upper hand on 19 August 1953 (28 Mordad). The military intervened as the pro-Shah tank regiments stormed the capital and bombarded the prime minister's official residence. Mossadegh managed to flee from the mob that set in to ransack his house, and, the following day, surrendered to General Zahedi, who had meanwhile established his makeshift headquarters at the Officers' Club. A tearful Dr. Mossadegh was received, in dignity, however and placed under arrest in a comfortable apartment [2][dead link – history] at the Officers' Club and transferred to a military jail shortly after.

Shortly after the return of the Shah, on 22 August 1953, from the brief self-imposed exile in Rome, Mossadegh was tried by a military tribunal for high treason. Zahedi and the Shah were inclined, however, to spare the man's life (the death penalty would have applied according to the laws of the day). Mossadegh received a sentence of 3 years in solitary confinement at a military jail and was exiled to his village not far from Tehran, where he remained under house arrest until his death, on 5 March 1967.

Zahedi's new government soon reached an agreement with foreign oil companies to form a "Consortium" and "restore the flow of Iranian oil to world markets in substantial quantities."[15]

[edit] Legacy

When the Iranian revolution occurred in 1979, the overthrow of Mossadegh was used as a rallying point in anti-US protests. To this day, Mossadegh is one of the most popular figures in Iranian history[citation needed], though he is generally ignored by the government of the Islamic Republic. Despite his stature as a nationalist, he is shunned because of his secularism and western manners.[16]

The extent of the U.S.'s role in Mossadegh's overthrow was not formally acknowledged for many years, although the Eisenhower administration was quite vocal in its opposition to the policies of the ousted Iranian Prime Minister. In his memoirs, Eisenhower writes angrily about Mossadegh, and describes him as impractical and naive, though he stops short of admitting any overt involvement in the coup.

Eventually the CIA's role became well-known, and caused controversy within the organization itself, and within the CIA congressional hearings of the 1970s. CIA supporters maintain that the plot against Mossadegh was strategically necessary, and praise the efficiency of agents in carrying out the plan. Critics say the scheme was paranoid and colonial, as well as immoral.

In March 2000, then-Secretary of State Madeleine Albright stated her regret that Mossadegh was ousted: "The Eisenhower administration believed its actions were justified for strategic reasons. But the coup was clearly a setback for Iran's political development and it is easy to see now why many Iranians continue to resent this intervention by America." In the same year, the New York Times published a detailed report about the coup based on alleged CIA documents.[4]

For his sudden rise in popularity inside and outside of Iran, and for his defiance of the British, Mossadegh was named as Time Magazine's 1951 Man of the Year. Other notables considered for the title that year included Dean Acheson, President Dwight D. Eisenhower and General Douglas MacArthur.[17]

In early 2004, the Egyptian government changed a street name in Cairo from Pahlavi to Mosaddeq, to facilitate closer relations with Iran. He was good friends with Mohammad Mokri until his death.

[edit] Mosaddeq in the media

Mohammad Mosaddeq plays an important role in the 2003 TV production Soraya,[18] which deals with the life of the Shah's second wife and former Queen of Iran, Princess Soraya Esfandiary Bakhtiari. Mosaddeq's role is played by Claude Brasseur.

Preceded by
Hossein Ala'		 Prime Minister of Iran
1951 – 1952 July 16		 Succeeded by
Ghavam os-Saltaneh
Preceded by
Ghavam os-Saltaneh		 Prime Minister of Iran
1952 July 21 – 1953 August 19		 Succeeded by
Fazlollah Zahedi
Preceded by
The American Fighting-Man		 TIME's Man of the Year
1951		 Succeeded by
Queen Elizabeth II

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Mike Thomson (2005-08-22). A Very British Coup, An award winning radio documentary from the BBC revealing "the true extent of Britain's involvement in the coup of 1953 which toppled Iran's democratically elected government and replaced it with the tyranny of the Shah". BBC Radio 4. Retrieved on 2006-11-03.
  2. ^ Leading Article: A counter-productive policy towards Iran. The Independent (2003-06-16). Retrieved on 2007-04-07.
  3. ^ [1]Encyclopedia Iranica
  4. ^ a b James Risen (2000-04-16). Secrets of History: The C.I.A. in Iran. The New York Times. Retrieved on 2006-11-03.
  5. ^ a b Dan De Luce (2003-09-20). The Spectre of Operation Ajax. Guardian Unlimited. Retrieved on 2006-11-03.
  6. ^ Amy Goodman (2003-09-20). 50 Years After the CIA’s First Overthrow of a Democratically Elected Foreign Government. Democracy Now. Retrieved on 2006-11-03.
  7. ^ Mark J. Gasiorowski and Malcolm Byrne (2004-06-22). Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 Coup in Iran. National Security Archive. Retrieved on 2006-11-03.
  8. ^ Key figures, telegaph.co.uk, <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/campaigns/iran/irankey.xml>. Retrieved on [[2007-11-07]]
  9. ^ Mark J. Gasiorowski and Malcolm Byrne Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 Coup in Iran, Syracuse University Press, May 2004. (ISBN 0-8156-3018-2), page 125
  10. ^ James S. Lay, Jr. (November 20, [1952]]), United States policy regarding the cirrent situation in Iran, George Washington University, <http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB126/iran521120.pdf>. Retrieved on [[2007-11-07]] Statement of policy proposed by the National Security Council
  11. ^ Walter B. Smith, Undersecretary (March 20, 1953), First Progress Report on Paragraph 5-1 of NSC 136/1, "U.S. Policy Regarding the Current Situation in Iran", George Washington University, <http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB126/iran530320.pdf>. Retrieved on 2007-11-07]]
  12. ^ (unreadable) Which the United States Government Might Take in Support of a Successor Government to (unreadable), George Washington University, 1953, <http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB126/iran530300.pdf>. Retrieved on 2007-11-07
  13. ^ Review of All the Shah's Men by Jonathan Schanzer
  14. ^ Malcolm Byrne, ed. (November 2, 2000), The Secret CIA History of the Iran Coup, 1953, Geprge Washington University, quoting Natinal security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 28, <http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB28/>. Retrieved on [[2007-11-07]]
  15. ^ Associated Press (August 6, 1954), Statements on Iran Oil Accord, The New York Times, <http://www.nytimes.com/library/world/mideast/080654iran-statements.html>. Retrieved on [[2007-11-07]]
  16. ^ Abrahamian, Khomeinism, (c1993)
  17. ^ Mohammed Mossadegh, Man of the Year. Time Magazine (1951-01-07). Retrieved on 2006-11-19.
  18. ^ Soraya (2003) (TV), Internet Movie Database, <http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0348076/>. Retrieved on [[2007-11-07]]

[edit] Further reading

[edit] External links

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Mosaddeq"
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فریدون هویدا

Fereydoun Hoveyda

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Fereydoun Hoveyda (Persian: فریدون هویدا Fereydūn Hoveyda, born 21 September 1924 in Damascus, Syria - died 3 November 2006 in Clifton, Virginia, USA) was an influential Iranian diplomat, writer and thinker. He was the Iranian ambassador to the United Nations from 1971 until 1979. Hoveyda was nephew of Abdol Hossein Sardari, who is known for saving many jews in Paris under World War 2.

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[edit] Biography

He was born in Damascus, where his father was the Consul-General of Iran, and was raised in Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Iran. He completed a Ph.D. in International Law and Economics at the Sorbonne, Paris, France in 1948.

Fereydoon Hoveyda, who died after a long fight against cancer, is survived by his wife Gisela and their two daughters Mandana and Roxana.

[edit] Career

A participant in the final drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, he worked in UNESCO from 1951 to 1966. In the late 1960s, he returned to Iran and worked in the Iranian Foreign Ministry as the Under-Secretary for International and Economic Affairs. From 1971 to 1979 he represented Iran at the United Nations.

Apart from politics, he was active in the field of cinema and was a member of the editorial board of the celebrated film magazine Cahiers du Cinema.

His brother, Amir Abbas Hoveyda, a former prime minister of Iran under the Shah, was executed after the Iranian Revolution in 1979. Having been forced out of the Iranian Foreign Ministry, Fereydoun Hoveyda became a senior fellow and member of the Executive Committee of the National Committee on American Foreign Policy (NCAFP), as well as a member of think tank institution Benador Associates.

He was also a well-known author of 18 novels and non-fiction books in French, English, and German.

[edit] Major works

  • The Fall of the Shah
  • Que Veulent les Arabes? (What do Arabs Want?)
  • The Sword of Islam
  • The Broken Crescent
  • The Threat of Militant Islamic Fundamentalism
  • The Hidden Meaning of Mass Communications
  • The Shah and the Ayatollah: Islamic Revolution and Iranian Mythology
  • Dead End Islam

[edit] References

[edit] External links

This Iranian biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fereydoun_Hoveyda"
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محمود حسابی

Mahmoud Hessaby

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Sayyed Mahmoud Hessaby
Sayyed Mahmoud Hessaby

Mahmoud Hessaby (in Persian محمود حسابی - other spellings: Mahmood Hesabi) (February 23, 1903, Tehran — September 3, 1992, Geneva) was a prominent Iranian scientist, researcher and distinguished professor of University of Tehran.

Hessaby was born in Tehran to Abbas and Goharshād Hessaby. When he was seven, the family moved to Beirut where he attended school. Around this time he learnt the Qur'an by heart and started to read the canonical texts of the Persian literature. At seventeen he obtained his Bachelor's in Arts and Sciences from the American University of Beirut. Later he obtained his B.A. in civil engineering while working as a draftsman. After a short period of time, he obtained a B.A. in Mathematics and Astronomy.

He continued his studies and as a graduate of the Engineering school of Beirut was admitted to the École Superieure d'Electricité and in 1925 graduated from this school at the same time he was employed by the French Electric Railway Co. He had a scientific mind and continued his research in Physics at the Sorbonne University and obtained his Ph.D. in Physics from that University at the age of twenty-five.

In 1947, he published his classic paper on "Continuous particles". Following this, in 1957 he proposed his model of "Infinitely extended particles". The medal of the commandeur de la Légion d'honneur, France's highest scientific medal, was awarded to him for his achievements.

Mahmoud Hessaby was the only Iranian student of Albert Einstein and during his years of scientific research he had meetings with well-known scientists such as Erwin Schrödinger, Max Born, Enrico Fermi, Paul Dirac, Aage Niels Bohr, and scholars such as Bertrand Russell and André Gide.

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[edit] Achievements

According to the Professor Hessaby Institute, the following were some of his accomplishments:

  • Founding the Highway Engineering school and teaching there from 1928
  • Survey and drawing of the first coastal road-map between Persian Gulf ports
  • Founding the "teachers college" and teaching there from 1928
  • Construction of the first radio-set in Iran (1928)
  • Construction of the first weather-station in 1931
  • Installation and operation of the first radiology center in Iran in 1931
  • Calculation and setting of Iranian time (1932)
  • Founding the first private hospital in Iran (Goharshad Hospital) in 1933
  • Writing the University carechair and founding Tehran University (1934)
  • Founding the Engineering school in 1934 and acting as the dean of that school until 1936 and teaching there from then on
  • Founding the faculty of science and acting as its dean from 1942 to 1948
  • Commissioned for the dispossession of British Petroleum Company during the government of Dr Mossadegh and appointed as the first general manager of the National Iranian Oil Company
  • Minister of Education in the cabinet of Dr. Mossadegh from 1951 to 1952
  • Opposing the contract with the consortium while in the Senate of Iran in 1954
  • Opposing the membership of Iran in CENTO
  • Founding the Telecommunication Center of Assad-Abad in Hamedan (1959)
  • Writing the standards charter for the standards Institute of Iran (1954)
  • Founding the Geophysical Institute of Tehran University (1961)
  • Title of distinguished professor of Tehran University from 1971
  • Founding the atomic research center and atomic reactor at Tehran University
  • Founding the atomic Energy center of Iran, member of the UN scientific sub-committee of peaceful use of member of the international space committee (1981)
  • Establishment of Iran's space research committee and member of the international space committee (1981)
  • Establishment of the Iranian music society and founding the Persian language Academy

He continued lecturing at University for three working generations, teaching seven generations of students and professors. He spoke five living languages: Persian, French, English, German and Arabic and he also knew a little of Sanskrit, Latin, Greek, Pahlavi, Avestan, Turkish and Italian which he used for his etymological studies.


During the congress on "60 years of physics in Iran" the services rendered by him were deeply appreciated and he was entitled "the father of physics in Iran".

As Hesaby wished, he was buried in his motherland, Tafresh.

[edit] Key publications

  • HESSABY M, MODEL OF AN INFINITE PARTICLE, JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE ET LE RADIUM 18 (5): 323-326 1957
  • SOUCHAY P, HESSABY A, CONFIRMATION ET NATURE DES FAIBLES ACIDITES DES ACIDES PERIODIQUE ET TELLURIQUE, BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE CHIMIQUE DE FRANCE 20 (6): 614-621 1953
  • HESSABY A, SOUCHAY P, ETUDE DES PERIODATES ET TELLURATES DE LITHIUM, BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE CHIMIQUE DE FRANCE 20 (6): 606-614 1953
  • SOUCHAY P, HESSABY A, EXISTE-T-IL DES SELS BASIQUES DARGENT, BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE CHIMIQUE DE FRANCE 20 (6): 599-606 1953
  • Hessaby M, Theoretical Evidence for the Existence of a Light-Charged Particle of Mass Greater than That of the Electron, Physical Review, Vol. 73, Issue 9, p. 1128 (1948). APS
  • Hessaby M, Continuous Particles, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 189-194 (1947). JSTOR
  • Hessaby M, Continuous Particles, Proceedings of the American Physical Society, Minutes of the Meeting at Montreal, June 19-21, 1947, Physical Review, Vol. 72, No. 6, p. 536 (1947). APS

[edit] Awards and honours

[edit] See also

Other Iranian Légion d'honneur recipients:

[edit] Sources

[edit] External links

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Hessaby"
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